Lesson on the development of cognitive abilities of preschoolers. Tasks for the development of cognitive activity for children with profound intellectual disabilities Cognitive development according to fgos in preschool

cognitive interest attention logical thinking

In order for cognitive interest to be constantly reinforced, to receive impulses for development, it is necessary to use means that arouse in the student a feeling, a consciousness of his own growth. Make an answer plan, ask a friend a question, analyze the answer and evaluate it, summarize what has been said, look for a different way to solve the problem - these and many other methods that encourage the student to comprehend his activity steadily lead to the formation of a persistent cognitive interest.

Development of cognitive abilities

In the process of educational activity of a schoolchild, an important role, as psychologists note, is played by the level of development of cognitive processes: attention, perception, observation, imagination, memory, thinking. The development and improvement of cognitive processes will be more effective with purposeful work in this direction, which will entail the expansion of the cognitive capabilities of children. Attention is a form of organization of cognitive activity largely depends on the degree of formation of such a cognitive process as attention.

The educational material can include content-logical tasks aimed at developing various characteristics of attention: its volume, stability, the ability to switch attention from one subject to another, distribute it to various objects and activities.

1. Finding moves in ordinary and numerical mazes
2. Recalculation of objects depicted by repeatedly intersecting contours
3. Finding numbers from Schulte tables
4. Draw faster
5. Find out who is hiding
6. Find similarities and differences
7. Read the scattered words

Tasks aimed at developing perception and imagination. Perception is the main cognitive process of sensory reflection of reality, its objects and phenomena with their direct action on the sense organs. It is the basis of thinking and practical activity of both an adult and a child, the basis of a person's orientation in the world around him, in society. Psychological studies have shown that comparison is one of the most effective methods of organizing perception and educating observation. Perception thus becomes deeper. As a result of playing and learning activities, perception itself turns into an independent activity, into observation.

1. Match the patch to the boot
2. Collect broken jug, vase, cups, plates
3. Exercise Geometric Shapes
4. Exercise Triangles
5. 100-cell table with graphic images
6. Table with geometric shapes of various shapes
7. Table with geometric shapes of different sizes
8. A table with geometric shapes not only of different shapes, but also in white and black
9. 100 cell table filled with numbers

Tasks aimed at developing logical thinking

Human intelligence. First of all, it is determined not by the amount of knowledge accumulated by him, but by a high level of logical thinking. Therefore, already in elementary school, it is necessary to teach children to analyze, compare and generalize information obtained as a result of interaction with objects not only of reality, but also of the abstract world. Nothing like mathematics contributes to the development of thinking, especially logical thinking, since the subject of its study is abstract concepts and patterns, which, in turn, are dealt with by mathematical logic.

1. Tasks for ingenuity
2. Tasks of the joke
3. Number shapes
4. Problems with geometric content
5. Logic exercises with words
6. Math games and tricks
7. Crosswords and puzzles
8. Combinatorial problems

Tasks aimed at the development of memory. Memory is one of the basic properties of personality. The ancient Greeks considered the goddess of memory Mnemosyne the mother of the nine muses, patrons of all known sciences and arts. A man deprived of memory, in fact, ceases to be a man. Many outstanding personalities had a phenomenal memory. For example, Academician A.F. Ioffe used the table of logarithms from memory. But you should also be aware that a good memory does not always guarantee its owner a good intellect. Psychologist T. Ribot described a weak-minded boy who could easily memorize series of numbers. And yet memory is one of the necessary conditions for the development of intellectual abilities. Primary schoolchildren have a more developed visual memory than semantic memory. They better remember specific objects, faces, facts, colors, events. But in elementary school, it is necessary to prepare children for secondary education, so it is necessary to develop logical memory. Students have to memorize definitions, proofs, explanations. By teaching children to memorize logically connected meanings, we contribute to the development of their thinking.

1. Remember two-digit numbers.
2. Remember math terms.
3. Chain of words.
4. Draw patterns from memory.
5. Remember and reproduce drawings
6. Visual dictations
7. Auditory dictations

Warm-ups

This technique of frontal work, involving the whole class in the activity, develops the speed of reaction, the ability to listen and hear the question, to think clearly and concretely. Interestingly, in this case, even those children who are usually silent, because they are intellectually passive or shy of public responses, work. The warm-up takes 5-7 minutes. What is the purpose of this type of work? It is carried out either at the stage of checking homework or primary assimilation, when the questions are very simple (reproductive) and require an unambiguous, quick answer that tests the knowledge and attention of children, the ability to listen and hear the question. If an oral warm-up is carried out at the beginning of the lesson before explaining a new topic, then it should include not only questions for checking homework, but also updating the basic concepts that were covered earlier (a week, a month, a year ago) that need to be restored in the child’s memory. Children are invited to answer questions in chorus as quickly as possible (usually 15-20 of them) and independently evaluate themselves: if the answer is correct, put a note in their notebook. At the end of the warm-up, the teacher explains how many answers you can put yourself "+".

Preschool teacher needs:
- from create conditions that would encourage children to independent cognitive activity;
— when organizing interaction involve the child in the process cognitive search;
—diversify techniques providing educational information.

The most effective means for solving these problems are creative tasks and games. It is they who help preschoolers to liberate themselves. In this case, children are not afraid to make mistakes, since there are no right or wrong answers, all answers and judgments are accepted on an equal footing, without being criticized. A child in such a situation fantasizes freely, and the process of cognition gives him joy and pleasure.

Game "Why did this happen?"
Tasks:
1. The boy came in torn trousers. Why did this happen?
2. All the electric lamps suddenly went out in the house. Why did this happen?
3. The river overflowed its banks and flooded the surrounding meadows. Why did this happen?

Game "Resolve Controversy":
The teacher finds examples of such situations both in everyday life and in literary works.
1. A new doll was brought to the group (a ball, a book, a game, etc.). How to be? How do you drink so that everyone is happy?
2. The mouse ate the magic pill and became invisible. How to make a cat see a mouse?
3. "Crying pussy in the hallway
She has a lot of grief
Evil people poor pussy
Don't let them steal sausages."
How can a pussy get sausages?

Creative questions and tasks:
- Guess the word that is encrypted with pictures. (On the first sound, on the last sound).
- Solve the crossword puzzle.
"We play rhyme."
- "Magic transformations" (heat - ... ar, dot - ... points). What has become of the heat? What has become of the dot?
How are a grasshopper and a frog similar? Frog and grass? Frog and parsley?
What is the difference between birch and pine? Wolf and sparrow?
- Define extra words: elephant, birch, bear, fox, tiger.
After such tasks, the teacher’s question follows: why do you think so? Prove it! This encourages children to reason, justify their opinions, and form logical thinking.

Tasks of the cognitive cycle:
Why is the stream running?
What animals are striped?
Could an elephant live in the mountains? Why not?
Where are the clouds going?
- Where does the snow melt faster: in the forest or in the clearing?

Tasks for the development of speech and literacy:
- Replace the letter - you will get new words: Nina - Zina - Tina - Lina ..., roll - beam - squirrel ...
What is the difference between a whale and a cat? …
- Rearrange the letters in the word orange to get the name of the dog breed, etc.
Find the hidden word within the words.
- Change the word for stress (torment - flour).
- Pick a rhyme for a word and compose a couplet with this word, etc.

Math assignments:
- Birds flew over the river: a dove, a pike, 2 tits, 2 swifts and 5 eels. How many birds, answer quickly ...
- Outline with one stroke, without repeating a single line. (Any geometric figure or many in one is offered).
What numbers are hidden in the pictures?
- Continue the row by increasing speed or vice versa: pedestrian, train ...

Drawing tasks:
— What could it be? (Any line, geometric figure, just a spot is offered).
- "Magic Glasses" - depict a drawing in one form, for example, in the shape of a heart. Children draw "heart" houses, clouds, flowers, the sun, etc.
"Who's hiding?" - the educator draws parts of any animal, object, suggests thinking (who (what) is it?) and finishing it.
- "Depict the image in the picture." (The image of any character is offered).
- "Express in the drawing your mood, the mood of mom, dad ...".

Design tasks:
What can be done about it and how? (Junk material is offered: jars, boxes, plastic bottles, wire, etc. or natural material, including vegetables: potato, eggplant, pepper, etc.)

Questions on the formation of a healthy lifestyle:
Why is it good to comb your hair?
“If you haven’t washed your hands, what troubles await you?”
Why can't you use someone else's comb, toothbrush?

surprise games, in which you need not only to find the answer, but also to justify it:
- What animals are characterized by these properties: curious, like ...; wise as...; strong as...; cunning as ...; true as...?
- What are the common signs of an apple and a pear, a birch and a spruce, a cat and a dog, a bird and a person.
- What is the difference between autumn and spring, a chair from a table, a fork from a spoon, a boletus from a russula?
- What do the words have in common: month and moon, bunch and brush, courage and courage?
- What are the similarities: grass and a frog, a frog and a hare, a parachute and an umbrella, pepper and mustard, a vacuum cleaner and a mop?

All of the above games, questions and tasks help develop cognitive abilities and creativity preschool children.

Dear teachers! If you have questions about the topic of the article or have difficulties in working in this area, then write to

Sections: Working with preschoolers

GOALS:

Development of attention, memory, thinking.
Preparing the hand to master writing.

Task 1. Warm-up

Answer the following questions as soon as possible:

days in a week?
toes?
rear and front legs of a duck?
seasons?
winter months?
gnomes at Snow White?
human eyes and eyebrows?
corners at the table, and if one was sawn off, how many are left?

Task 2. To complete the task, you will need subject pictures.

a) Name the objects in one word:

goat, horse, cow, sheep (animals);
teapot, plate, saucepan, glass (tableware);
maple, birch, poplar, willow (trees).

b) Find the extra item and explain why it is superfluous:

table, cabinet, a door, chair;
spruce, oak, pine, stump;
catfish, perch, pike, frog.

Task 3. Look closely and draw the missing figures in the empty squares.

Task 4. Find the differences in the pictures.

Physical education: The game "Flies, does not fly."

Attention! Now we will find out who can fly and who cannot. I will ask, and you immediately, without pauses, answer. If I call someone or something that can fly, for example, a dragonfly, answer “Flies” - and show how she does it, spreading her arms to the sides like wings. If I ask you: "Does the pig fly?" - be silent and do not raise your hands.

Is the eagle flying?
Does the sparrow fly?
Is the cow flying?
Is the snake flying?
Is the kite flying?
Does the helicopter fly?

Task 5. Who is lucky?

Task 6. Look carefully, remember and draw (cherries).

Task 7. Logic puzzle.

The flower does not grow under the tree.
A fungus does not grow under a birch,
What grows under the tree
what about under the birch.

Task 8. Draw straight lines along the dotted lines from left to right.

The manual is a collection of tasks for working with children on the eve of entering school. The tasks presented in this collection are so exciting that the child does not have to be forced to study. Completing these tasks will not only help the future first grader develop memory, attention, perception, thinking, form correct speech, improve graphic skills, but also provide the necessary basic level of knowledge, skills and abilities that will help him to study well and easily at school in the future. The manual is intended for classes with children 5-6 years old and is addressed to teachers of preparatory groups of preschool institutions, teachers of gymnasiums, parents, as well as everyone who is interested in successfully preparing a child for admission to grade 1.

Three months before school. Tasks for the development of cognitive abilities (5-6 years). Kholodova O.A.

Description of the tutorial

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW AND BE ABLE TO KNOW A CHILD GOING TO SCHOOL
1. Your first name, patronymic and last name.
2. Your age (date and year of birth).
3. Your home address.
4. Country and city in which he lives.
5. Surname, name, patronymic of parents, their profession.
6. Seasons (sequence, months, main signs of each season).
7. Part of the day (sequence, main features of each time of day).
8. Domestic animals, their cubs, habits.
9. Wild animals of our forests, hot countries, the North, their cubs, habits.
10. Wintering and migratory birds.
11. Transport ground, underground, water, underwater, air.
12. Distinguish between clothes, shoes and hats.
13. Distinguish vegetables, fruits and berries.
14. Freely navigate on a sheet of paper (right - left side, top - bottom).
15. Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval.
16. Freely count from 1 to 10 and back.
17. Perform counting operations within 10 (±, 1, 2).
18. Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
19. Divide words into syllables with claps, steps, and so on.
20. Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like "poppy",
"house", "oaks", "sleigh", "wasps".
21. Know and be able to tell Russian folk tales.
22. Know by heart poems for children.
23. Be able to fully and consistently retell the listened story.
24. Be able to compose (invent) a story from a picture, from a series of pictures.
25. Handle a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler, draw geometric shapes, animals, people, various objects based on geometric shapes, carefully paint over, hatch with a pencil without going beyond the contours of objects.
26. Be good with scissors (cut strips, squares, circles, rectangles)
nicknames, triangles, cut the object along the contour).
27. Be able to perform the task according to the model.
28. Be able to listen carefully, without being distracted (20-30 minutes).
29. Remember and name 6-10 objects, pictures, words.
30. Maintain good posture when sitting.
From the author
Being ready for school today does not mean being able to read, write and count.
To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this.
L. A. Hungary. A. L. Wemger
Going to school is an important moment in a child's life. Ahead is a new life, new friends, new, sometimes very serious trials. How to help a child quickly adapt to school, develop an interest in learning?
You want your child to study well, but at the same time be cheerful, cheerful and healthy. - help him. Good pre-school preparation is the key to excellent school performance.
Helping to prepare for school is the main goal of this manual.
With the help of a systematic approach adopted in the manual, it is possible to quickly and effectively develop in a preschooler such qualities as memory, attention, logical thinking, imagination, creative and spatial thinking, resourcefulness and ingenuity.
This manual offers various tasks that will teach children:
- listen, observe
- memorize and process the information received;
- identify different and identical properties of objects;
- recognize objects by given signs; describe objects;
- compare objects with each other;
- determine the sequence of events;
- navigate in space;
- generalize;
- to classify;
- work according to the model;
- act in accordance with the accepted intention;
- develop dexterity and mobility of the hand.
There are 36 lessons in the manual, which can be held either once a week from September to May (as a special course on the development of the cognitive abilities of a preschooler), or 3 times a week from January to April (as a preparation for a psychological and pedagogical interview when enrolling in grade 1 ), or 3 times a week from June to September (to develop children's skills, develop new skills, improve school readiness). Work with a child on the allowance should be dynamic, but not tedious, lasting no more than 30 minutes.
In the manual, the tasks follow each other in a certain order.
ANSWER determines the child's ability to quickly answer questions, assesses the level of general knowledge, horizons.
PERFORMANCE will help to assess the level of development of attention, memory, to understand how the child has developed logic, abstract thinking, to determine the level of the child's vocabulary.
DRAWING is aimed at developing motor skills, as well as the ability to perceive material by ear, reflect what is heard graphically, determines the child's readiness to write from dictation.
Instructions for working with these manuals are given on the back cover.
I wish you success in preparing your child for such an important, difficult, but wonderful and interesting period in life - for schooling!
Play, try, dare and believe in yourself and your child's abilities!
ACTIVITY 1
ANSWER
1. What do schoolchildren do on September 1?
2. Why do children need to go to school?
3. When is your birthday? What time of year is this?
4. How is an old person different from a young person?
5. What kind of person is called a friend?
PERFORMER
1. Color the fruits that grow on trees. Highlight vegetables. Count and tell me how many items are there? What's the number of lemons? What object is drawn between a carrot and a pear? Name the fourth item from left to right.
2. Remember what should be where. Put things in their places by swiping the arrows.
3. Find a pattern in each line that is different from the others. Cross it out.
4. Look carefully at the pictures. Find and mark 3 differences.
DRAWING
5. Connect the dots according to the pattern.
6. Finish the started pattern.
ACTIVITY 2
ANSWER
Call it in one word.
1. Mom, dad, brother, aunt, grandmother.
2. Circle, square, triangle, oval.
3. Skirt, trousers, shorts, shirt, dress.
4. Doll, matryoshka, soldiers, cubes.
5. Moscow, Sochi, St. Petersburg, Kiev.
PERFORMER
1. Color or circle the odd one out and explain your choice.
2. Following only with your eyes, find out which butterfly flew out of the net?
)3. Draw for each item what is missing.

Tasks for the development of cognitive abilities (5-6 years).