Tell the children the musical instrument button accordion. Research project on the theme "Musical instruments of Russia

At one time, I studied playing this instrument at a music school for 6 years. Then I noticed that most people do not distinguish between such instruments as button accordion and harmonica. Some do not even distinguish them from the accordion. I decided to write a cheat sheet especially for such people 🙂

Actually, it's easier to look at the three pictures given here, and it will immediately become clear what's what:

This is an accordion, not a button accordion or an accordion

In general, even among professional musicians, it is often believed that the accordion appeared in 1829, and, in their opinion, Cyril Demian received a patent for it. In fact, only the word “accordion” appeared then. Since then, it has taken root in Europe. This word local musicians call all keyboard instruments that can play with one key chord- three-voice consonance. From the word "chord" and the name "accordion" appeared. In Russia, as well as in many other countries, different instruments have their own individual name. I think it's so logical and correct. Why different things to call the same word?

A real button accordion is a rather young instrument. He appeared in 1907. There is, however, information that the invention was made in 1891, but I did not find confirmation of this information. But the name of the inventor, Sterligov, is known for certain. His inspirer is also known - Orlansky-Titarenko, a virtuoso musician who until that time had played the harmonica. The instrument that appeared was a further development of the idea of the harmonica, an instrument with two keyboards connected by bellows. The number of rows on the right keyboard was increased to four, and on the left to five. This design was called "Petersburg". It did not take root, a different scheme became widespread, it generally repeated the previous one, but the number of rows on the right was reduced to three.

But this is BAYAN!

What is a bayan? On the right and left keyboard he has such round buttons. On the right, these buttons are arranged in three main rows with complete chromatic soundtrack. Sometimes one or two auxiliary rows are added to the three main ones, which completely duplicate the buttons from the third and second rows, respectively. What for? You can try to explain it, but you still can't understand it in words, except that the musicians will understand after a short conversation. In a word, this is for convenience, but these rows are not required.

And what is the accordion, with which the button accordion is so often confused? Naturally, they confuse them only by name, since outwardly they are not so much and similar. In fact, there is as much difference as between a balalaika and a guitar.

I have not been able to find information about when exactly the accordion appeared. It is only known that this is an even younger instrument than the button accordion. The oldest description of it (namely accordion, and not another instrument with the same name) that I know is from the 50s, but the instrument is somewhat older. The earliest evidence of an accordion that I saw dates back to May 1945: in one of the black-and-white chronicles of the holiday after the capture of Berlin, I saw a thirty-four carrying a landing force on armor. I distinctly saw an accordion in one of the soldiers' hands.

The accordion is a hybrid of two previously invented instruments: bayan and piano. From the button accordion, the accordion inherited the so-called ready(rare and ready-to-elect) accompaniment keyboard, and from the piano - a few octaves on the right keyboard. In short, an accordion is a piano on the right and a button accordion on the left 🙂 Naturally, nothing good would come of this instrument through stupid synthesis, so the instrument was equipped obligatory registers, usually at least four. These registers allow the accordion to imitate, for example, a bassoon. But the old button accordions registers were rare. In addition, the accordion and button accordion eventually parted ways: the button accordion began to be used for concert performances and arrangements, and the accordion became an instrument for the public. Unfortunately, modern accordionists rarely find any playing techniques, even vibrato or re-occlusion. Now accordionists play only the melody of a piece, often even without accompaniment (left hand). Often a phonogram is added to this sound. It's good that not all accordionists have gone under this template.

Bayan also has its own original keyboard, which is its main trump card. I can’t draw, so I didn’t manage to schematically draw his keyboard. I'll try to fix this over time. In the meantime, I will give a description understandable to musicians. The physical distance between constant intervals is always the same, at least check with a ruler! Let's take, for example, a quart: if we compare the distance between si (small octave) And mi (first), or re (first) And salt (first), or sol-sharp (first) And C-sharp (second octave), it will be the same everywhere. Creative musicians will immediately appreciate the advantage: you can transpose any music on the go without rewriting notes - move your hand up or down on a key and play! For other instruments, transposition is a problem, because the same melody can be recorded in different keys. The problem appears when you immediately need to play a melody not in the key in which it was learned.

Unfortunately, in the USSR they did not pay due attention to electronics and we practically do not have electronic button accordions. When you want to simulate the sound electronically different instruments, or even the sound of an electric guitar, they use a synthesizer with a piano keyboard, which is not very convenient (the keyboard is “worse” there, it is impossible to play some chords, there are not enough fingers and stretching).

Recently, new electric accordions have appeared, usually foreign ones. A little about the prices for button accordions and accordions can be found, for example, (link will open in a new window). Unfortunately, button accordions are quite expensive. Naturally, I don’t consider used “logs” made back in the USSR, because most of them are only suitable for museums. The low popularity of the button accordion itself also plays a bad role - for the unenlightened, this word rather associated with an accordion and playing ditties on holidays. Many do not even know about performances at concerts with the button accordion. Something similar has been observed in the history of the guitar - before the advent of electric guitars, few could imagine its modern electronic sound and the ability to play such a number of classical pieces (especially for organ music).

This is what an accordion looks like

In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about harmonicas. Now they have already lost popularity, only a dozen and a half models are produced around the world. Different models have from one to three rows of buttons on the right keyboard. When stretching the bellows of some models, one button produces a sound of one pitch, and when compressed, a different frequency. In Russia, the most popular is "khromka", most of its copies were produced in Tula. This instrument is extremely simple - only three octaves of pure notes of the scale (22 buttons) and three semitones most used in the game (G-sharp, E-flat, G-flat) on the right keyboard. The left keyboard is represented by three rows - major, minor seventh chord and bass.

And what then did Cyril Demian patent at one time, if not the accordion? It was just an improved version of the harmonica by him ... And the very word "accordion", of course. Exact same time of appearance first harmonica remains unknown.

By the way, here is another manufacturer: http://bayanjupiter.ru/. Someday I’ll buy myself a new one, otherwise the old log cannot satisfy all the needs 🙁

P.S. Off topic joke.

Nightclub cleaning lady, wiping mixers and consoles, accidentally got into the top 100 DJs in Russia!

Purpose of the event:

To acquaint students with the history of the emergence and development of the button accordion, accordion.
The development of creative initiative and performance skills, as well as the popularization of the national instrument accordion.
Raising a sense of patriotism and love for their homeland, respect for the musical heritage of their native land.

Event setup:

Illustrations of musical instruments of the folk orchestra.
Portraits of famous masters and performing musicians.
Instruments: accordion, button accordion, accordion.

The phonogram of the Russian folk song "Valenki" in the processing of A. Shirokov performed by the orchestra of Russian folk instruments "Russian Patterns" sounds.

Leading: Each musical instrument has its own voice, its own bright timbre “individuality”, that is, its own special sound coloring. Indeed, is it possible to confuse the sound of violin and piano, flute and organ? Of course not.

However, in the diverse world of musical instruments, there is one that, as it were, has absorbed the “voices” of many instruments into its sound palette, such as, for example, bassoon, flute, clarinet, organ. What instrument has such a rare ability to imitate various timbres? He is the only one of the numerous musical “brothers” figuratively and lovingly called by people the “soul of the Russian people”. What tool are we talking about?

Yes! This is a button accordion - a national Russian folk instrument.

Any nation or nationality has its own musical culture, and therefore favorite folk musical instruments. Ukrainians have a bandura, Belarusians have cymbals, Moldavians have a violin, and Russians have a balalaika, domra and, of course, button accordion.

According to its structure, the button accordion belongs to the family of reed - pneumatic (pneumatic - from the Greek - "air"). Reeds include: mouth and other types of harmonicas, accordion, organ.

A long time ago, two or three millennia BC, a wooden musical instrument made from a number of bamboo sticks, each of which had a miniature oscillating tongue, was widely used in China - this is a sheng - a wind musical instrument. The method of sound extraction inherited from sheng laid the foundation for the birth of future harmonicas. Sheng traveled from Asia to Europe via trade routes. At first, harmonicas were made of glass, and later they began to be made of wood. The musical instrument did not immediately become the way we are used to seeing it. The great-great-grandmother of the modern button accordion is a small harmonica. Russian merchants brought a German single-row accordion from abroad, and talented craftsmen dismantled it and remade it in their own way. There were many varieties of harmonica. There were “Saratov”, “Elets”, “Liven”, “Vyatka”, “Khromki” and many other harmonicas. The "name" of the instrument, as a rule, was assigned by the name of a particular area where it was made. They differed from each other in size, the location of keys and buttons, the number of rows (hence the name - one-row, two-row, three-row).

The improvement of harmonicas and the art of making musical instruments made significant progress in the 19th century. In addition to the right one, the left keyboard also appeared, the range expanded, the sound quality improved, and the shape of the harmonica itself changed. The broad masses of the population liked the harmonica so much that it could be found everywhere: at fairs, in farce performances, in the home circle, at rural and city holidays. By the middle of the 20th century, harmonicas were already ubiquitous - each village had its own harmonica player, its “first boyfriend” in the village, many musicians were self-taught, but what miracles of music performance they did, despite the fact that the instrument was very primitive (5 - 7 buttons on the right side and 2 on the left). Any master considered it a matter of honor to improve the existing design, improve the instrument and its performing techniques of playing.

The harmonica player performs “Dance tunes” in arr. V. Morozov.

In the late 90s of the last century, there was a further search for more progressive harmonica designs. Well-known in Russia master Sterligov P.E. made a significantly improved instrument, which the musician gave the name Bayan (after the legendary singer-storyteller Bayan). Since then, it has forever been attached to the instrument, has become his family. Bayan is the name of the instrument accepted only in our country. In a short time, the harmonica has gone from an instrument - a toy that had only a few keys, to an accordion that allows you to perform complex works of classical and folk music.

The accordionist performs r.n.p. “Like ours at the gates” in arr.A. Surkov.

Abroad, chromatic harmonicas with various types of right keyboard (keys, buttons) are called accordions. Accordion - keyboard, button accordion. After the war, the accordion became more widespread. The modern accordion is a musical instrument that has up to 45 keys on the right keyboard, and 140 or more buttons on the left. The number of registers reaches up to 36, that is, the sound can have a variety of timbre colors. The highest quality of a musician's playing, the most valuable property of his musical instrument since ancient times in Russia was the ability to "pronounce" a song. Sincerity, melodiousness, breadth of breathing of the instrument have become a kind of sound ideal of Russian national culture. Due to portability, simple arrangement of keys, multi-timbre and other musical and technical qualities, the button accordion has become one of the favorite and widespread instruments in everyday life.

The accordionist performs r.n.p. “Like under an apple tree” in the arr. V. Belyavsky.

In the 30s of the last century, the art of playing the button accordion / accordion took the path of professional development. The performing musicians brought their skills to the professional stage, concerts, competitions, festivals - all this contributes to the identification of talented artistic youth, serves as a propaganda of instrumental folk art.

The accordion played an important role during the Great Patriotic War. The button accordion sounded everywhere: at rest stops, in dugouts and even on the battlefields. Bayan is a fighter, as the poets called him so precisely and figuratively, he brightened up the harsh time, inspired him to military exploits for the glory of our Motherland.

Modern bayan performing art is in its prime. His prestige is also high abroad. At the most prestigious international competitions and festivals, Russian musicians occupy leading positions. The names of I. Panitsky, Yu. Kazakov, A. Sklyarov, V. Romanenko, Yu. Tkachev, G. Zaitsev and others are known in the music world for their inspired, unfading performing art. The Russian bayan school is known all over the world: our bayanists, accordionists, including children, are winners of international competitions. The life of the harmonica continues to this day. It can be heard on stage, in everyday life, in amateur ensembles and in orchestras of folk instruments. The famous song says:

Buttons, buttons,
I won't stop listening.
All Russia loves you -
Bubble buttons!

After conducting a study, we found out what the predecessor of the button accordion / accordion looked like, where and by whom it was created and why it was called that. In our city there are also many well-known musicians - performers on these instruments. You, our young bayanists and accordionists, are among these musicians. We will be glad to hear from you.

Children read poems about music.

Listen, the music around -
You won't live a day without it!
Melodies of different sounds are heard,
They are in you, they are around you.

The musician is a kind magician:
Of the seven notes only, slowly,
He will be able to create a hundred melodies,
He can create miracles.

He will tell us about spring without words,
As the drops ring behind the window,
With bright music he will show us
How April sounds like birdsong.

You will know the secrets of melodies
And soon you will learn how to play.
If you work hard
You can become a great musician.

And today I want to say boldly
I'm not afraid of work
Of course, I'm not a magician yet,
After all, I'm just learning music!

A small concert where students and teachers perform folk plays on the button accordion and accordion.

List of used materials.

And Mirek “Harmonica. Past and present”, Moscow, 1994
G. Krylov “The ABC of a little accordionist” part 2, Moscow, 2010
Magazine “Music at School” No. 6, Moscow, 2012
Magazine “Music at School” No. 3, Moscow, 2013
Magazine “Music and You”, No. 6, Moscow, 1987
A. Mirek “From the history of accordion and button accordion”, Moscow, 1967

One of the first in popularity and love of the Russian people is the harmonica folk instrument. In a short time, the harmonica has gone from an instrument - a toy that had only a few keys, to an accordion that allows you to perform complex works of classical and folk music.

Undoubtedly, the button accordion is the only one of the many “brothers” figuratively and lovingly called by people the “soul of the Russian people”. It enjoys great interest and recognition among lovers of Russian music, and in terms of its popularity it does not know “competitors” among other folk instruments. The beauty, coloristic and dynamic diversity of the instrument's sound is what attracts performers and listeners to the button accordion.

Bayan (musical instrument) Accordion(named after the legendary ancient Russian singer-storyteller Bayan, or Boyana), a reed pneumatic instrument, a manual push-button accordion with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard (B-flat range of a large octave - C-sharp fourth), basses and ready-made chord accompaniment on the left (see. Harmonic). Basses are in the range of one octave, but each note sounds simultaneously in five (four) octaves. Ready-made chords - major and minor triads and their inversions, seventh chords (sometimes diminished seventh chords) - are available in all keys. B.'s predecessors are the four-row St. Petersburg harmonica and the three-row "Viennese". The name B. was first given to a four-row improved chromatic harmonica by its designer P. E. Sterligov and harmonist Ya. F. Orlansky in 1907 (Petersburg). From the beginning of the 20th century in Russia, the systems of V. P. Hegstrem, N. Z. Sinitsky, “Moscow”, or “foreign” (also known as “Viennese”, invented by the German master G. Mirwald in 1891), also became known. In the 20s. In the USSR, the Moscow system was adopted for the industrial production of B.. In international practice, the following systems are used: Vienna (three-row), Belgian (similar to Vienna, but five-row), Italian and French (five-row). The most common are Belgian and Italian. A five- (six-) row keyboard, duplicating the main rows in the same sequence, as well as the use of a five-finger fingering, make playing B much easier. ready-selectable, multi-timbre B. It is distinguished by the introduction of register-switches and an additional keyboard for the left hand with the same arrangement of sounds as on the right (range mi of the contra-octave - C-sharp of the third octave - constant, F-sharp of the second - F of the large octave - with switching). B. is not only a folk, but also a solo concert orchestral instrument. An extensive literature is published for B. in the USSR and abroad, where it is known under the name of push-button (or chromatic) accordion.

A. M. Mirek.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Bayan (musical instrument)" is in other dictionaries:

- ... Wikipedia

- (or boyan), button accordion, husband. (music). A musical instrument, a large harmonica with a complex system of frets. (After the name of the fabulous ancient Russian poet Bayan, mentioned in the Tale of Igor's Campaign.) Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

- (named after the legendary other Russian singer narrator Bayan (Boyan)) pneumatic keyboard. instrument, improved harmonica with chromatic scale for playing melody and bass chord accompaniment in all keys. Prototype... ... Music Encyclopedia

MUSIC and Lermontov. Music in the life and work of L. The first muses. L. owes his impressions to his mother. In 1830 he wrote: “When I was three years old, there was a song that made me cry; I can’t remember her now, but I’m sure that if I had heard her, she would ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

Gusli- Russian stringed plucked music. a horizontally held instrument with strings across the entire width of the soundboard. Subdivided into several types: 1) G. pterygoid (they are voiced or yovchatye) have from 5 to 14 strings tuned diatonically, usually in ... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Muses. the creativity of the Chechens and Ingush is now developing as a single culture of two nationalities. At the same time, their music has features that are rooted in languages and certain local conditions of life, including in their interaction with neighboring ones ... ... Music Encyclopedia

Muses. the folklore of the Mordovians is close in tone to the work of the peoples of the Volga region, the Finno-Ugric group, the Slavs, etc. However, despite the common for many. peoples features in songs, instr. the music of the Mordovians showed characteristic features. Typically used in… … Music Encyclopedia

Alexander Sergeevich (24 X (5 XI) 1841, Kaluga 24 VI (6 VII) 1896, Ligovo, near St. Petersburg) Russian. music critic, theorist and composer. In 1862 he graduated from the Physics and Mathematics. f t Petersburg. un ta. Took music lessons. theoretical subjects at M. L. Santis ... Music Encyclopedia

Instruments designed to extract rhythmically organized and fixed-pitched sounds or well-controlled rhythm, as well as noise. Objects that emit unorganized sounds and noises (mallet of night watchmen, rattle ... ... Music Encyclopedia

Until Great Oct. socialist. music revolution. lawsuit in Kazakh. The people were represented only by Nar. creativity (songs and instr. kui plays). To the music canvas of the recitative warehouse zhyrshi (narrators) performed epic. poems and legends, akyns (poets) ... ... Music Encyclopedia

Accordion(named after the legendary ancient Russian singer-storyteller Bayan, or Boyana), a reed pneumatic instrument, a manual push-button accordion with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard (B-flat range of a large octave - C-sharp fourth), basses and ready-made chord accompaniment on the left (see. Harmonic). Basses are in the range of one octave, but each note sounds simultaneously in five (four) octaves. Ready-made chords - major and minor triads and their inversions, seventh chords (sometimes diminished seventh chords) - are available in all keys. B.'s predecessors are the four-row St. Petersburg harmonica and the three-row "Viennese". The name B. was first given to a four-row improved chromatic harmonica by its designer P. E. Sterligov and harmonist Ya. F. Orlansky in 1907 (Petersburg). From the beginning of the 20th century in Russia, the systems of V. P. Hegstrem, N. Z. Sinitsky, “Moscow”, or “foreign” (also known as “Viennese”, invented by the German master G. Mirwald in 1891), also became known. In the 20s. In the USSR, the Moscow system was adopted for the industrial production of B.. In international practice, the following systems are used: Vienna (three-row), Belgian (similar to Vienna, but five-row), Italian and French (five-row). The most common are Belgian and Italian. A five- (six-) row keyboard, duplicating the main rows in the same sequence, as well as the use of a five-finger fingering, make playing B much easier. ready-selectable, multi-timbre B. It is distinguished by the introduction of register-switches and an additional keyboard for the left hand with the same arrangement of sounds as on the right (range mi of the contra-octave - C-sharp of the third octave - constant, F-sharp of the second - F of the large octave - with switching). B. is not only a folk, but also a solo concert orchestral instrument. An extensive literature is published for B. in the USSR and abroad, where it is known under the name of push-button (or chromatic) accordion.

- R. , bp Mikhailo-Semenovsky, Zeya district. Name from Evenk. bayandy - "rich". Evenk. and bur. bayan languages equally "rich man", "wealth". ...
Toponymic Dictionary of the Amur Region
- Russian chromatic harmonica; was named by the designer P. E. Sterligov and the accordion player Ya. F. Orlansky in 1907 after the singer-storyteller a. ancient Russian or Slavic songwriter, singer-storyteller...
The fate of eponyms. Dictionary-reference
- BAYA´N - 1) the legendary singer-poet of ancient Russia, who is mentioned in the "Tale of Igor's Campaign": "Start your songs according to the epics of this time, and not according to Boyan's plan ...
Poetic dictionary
- Over Moscow, the old golden-domed star did not glow at midnight, Ann899; Oh no, Bayan, not a nightingale, The magically voluptuous singer, Burned us in the silence of the nights RP ib .; The button accordion of the uprising of writings Sowed cornfields of machines. Chl920.21 ...
Proper name in Russian poetry of the XX century: a dictionary of personal names
- 1) Music. magazine published in St. Petersburg in 1888-90, with a monthly musical supplement. Came out weekly. The first publisher-editor A. A. Astafiev, from 1889 - A. I. Charnova, later - P. P. Weymarn ...
Music Encyclopedia
- ...
Music dictionary
- noun 1. joke. something old, filthy; a long-outdated anecdote or story, see tzh boyist 2 ...
Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary by I. Mostitsky
- or Boyan - a mythical singer whose name is mentioned several times in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"...
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron
- I Bayan Nur Galimovich, Tatar Soviet poet. Born into a peasant family. He began to print in 1925. B.'s poems are saturated with high patriotism - "Our banners", "Lenin among the people" ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- one of the most perfect and common types of chromatic accordion. Named after the legendary old Russian singer-storyteller Bayan...
Big encyclopedic dictionary
- This word of Russian origin refers to a musical instrument related to the accordion. The name was introduced by the famous Russian harmonist Orlansky-Titarenko in the 19th century. and formed on behalf of the ancient Russian poet Boyan ...
Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Krylov
- Greek - fono. Ancient Islamic - bon. The word was known in the Old Russian era, but it is first found in dictionaries since 1935 as the name of a musical instrument, a large accordion...
Etymological dictionary of the Russian language Semenov
- Iskon. Neologism of the Russian accordion player A.F. Orlansky-Titarenko based on the own name of the ancient Russian poet Bayan...
Etymological dictionary of the Russian language
- ...
Word forms
- ...
Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

"Bayan (musical instrument)" in books

Operation Bayan

From the book My brother Yuri author Gagarin Valentin Alekseevich

Operation "Bayan" Yura was a great inventor and dreamer - both in the game and in work. Restless, restless, very mobile, he seems to have never known fatigue. And he always had time and desire for any business. Once schoolchildren were invited to the board of the collective farm. - Two

5. The word "bayan"

From the book Little Girl from Metropol author Petrushevskaya Ludmila Stefanovna

Accordion

From the book The Fate of Eponyms. 300 stories of the origin of words. Dictionary-reference author Blau Mark Grigorievich

Bayan Russian chromatic harmonica; was named by the designer P. E. Sterligov and the harmonist Ya. F. Orlansky in 1907 after the singer-narrator Bayan (Boyan). narrator; composed songs of glory in honor

BAYAN Vadim

author Fokin Pavel Evgenievich

BAYAN Vadim see VADIM BAYAN

VADIM BAYAN

From the book Silver Age. Portrait Gallery of Cultural Heroes of the Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries. Volume 1. A-I author Fokin Pavel Evgenievich

VADIM BAYAN present. name and surname Vladimir Ivanovich Sidorov; other pseudonyms Si-do, Sneaky guy; 5 (17) .1.1880 - 3.29.1966 Poet. Publications in the collection “Drunken cherries. 2nd ed." (Sevastopol, 1920). Collections "Lyrical Stream" (with a preface by Igor Severyanin, I. Yasinsky-Belinsky and F. Sologub,

Accordion

From the book of 100 masterpieces of Russian artists author

Bayan Roerich's fascination with history was reflected not only in the choice of subjects for his paintings - he was called the creator of a new genre - the historical landscape. He was actively engaged in excavations, published works on archeology, even taught at the St.

Bayan - Khan

From the book of 100 great generals of the Middle Ages author Shishov Alexey Vasilievich

Bayan - Khan The commander of the great Khan Kublai Khan, who subjected the Sung Empire to the final defeat in the battle on the Yangtze River. Second half of the 16th century Maverannahr. Miniature for Khatifi's book "Timur - name" (Poetic chronicle of Timur's victories)

Partisan button accordion

From the book Partisans accept battle author Lobanok Vladimir Eliseevich

Partisan button accordion In the Lepel Museum of Local Lore, in one of the expositions dedicated to the heroic deed of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, the attention of visitors is attracted by the button accordion. He got to the Lepel places back in 1940. He was brought here from Leningrad

Accordion

From the book Masterpieces of Russian Artists author Evstratova Elena Nikolaevna

Bayan 1910. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg Roerich's fascination with history was reflected not only in the choice of subjects for his paintings - he was called the creator of a new genre - the historical landscape. He was actively engaged in excavations, published works on archeology, even